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MALCOLM MILLER attends UK premières
of recent Russian music in London
St Petersburg Revelations
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A Russian
flavour was immediately set with Prokofiev's Vision Fugitives
-- impressionistic piano pieces in a most effective string
orchestra version by Rudolf Barshai. A daring work to
begin with, Alexander Walker soon elicited a cohesive
ensemble to convey the widely varied moods of these epigrammatic
miniatures: from the elusive poetic to the boisterous
(Romeo and Juliet like waltzes), from piquant neo-classicism
to virulently aggressive, the serene and visionary. In
the final pieces luminous harmonies hovered, vibrato less,
at the edge of silence. Prokofiev's genius for creating
atmosphere through just a few strands of linear counterpoint,
and ambiguous chromaticism, was clearly influential for
the later generations of Soviet composers. Particularly
so the Memoria for violin and chamber orchestra by Andrei
Petrov, a searingly expressive concertante work in memory
of the violinist Boris Gutnikov, which here received an
expressive UK première by the young London based violinist
Yuri Zhislin.
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Petrov is President of the St Petersburg Composers'
Organisation and has an impressive oeuvre in many genres
including symphonic works, ballets and an opera, but
is especially known for his film scores. His Memoria
for violin and chamber orchestra abounds in evocative
gestures that celebrate the lyrical and dance like qualities
of the violin. There is a strongly Russian accent to
the pivotal semitone motif, in 'scotch-snap' rhythm,
that the soloist introduces and which is taken up in
dialogue with the horns and woodwind.Together with a
contrasting rising arpeggio idea, these motifs are developed
over slow, low sustained strings at the outset, dwelling
on the acerbic interval of a ninth in a mood of reflective
elegy.
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Underpinning the movement is a gradual
arc of intensity, with a gradual build towards an exciting
climax, at which the music springs vividly into dance-like
exuberance, Yuri Zhislin's brightly projected double-stopped
energy supported effervescently by the whole orchestra.
Then, tension subsides with eerie swoops emanating from
inner voices, fading into silence.
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The sheer expressive punch of a Russian music, epitomised
by the biting dissonances and rhapsodic outpourings
of a Gubaidulina or Denisov or the poly-stylistic nostalgia
of Schnittke is a unique and memorable experience. Yet
the context within which these major composers emerged
from is sometimes overlooked and unfamiliar, and it
was therefore a special and, in the event, a moving
treat to hear UK premières of music by less well known
contemporary Russian composers, in their presence, at
the recent 'St Petersburg's Revelations' Festival.

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This three-day festival of lectures and concerts, held
in London on 13-15 December 2001 was presented by Musica
Nova Productions, under the direction of the singer
and pianist Evgenia Jakubowski, who studied in St Petersburg
with Vladimir Uspensky, a former pupil of Shostakovich,
whose works were strongly featured.
The Artistic Director was the young British conductor
Alexander Walker, who, as principal guest conductor
of the Voronezh State Symphony Orchestra of Russia,
is also an expert in the performance of Russian music.
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The festival
offered a fascinating and enriching glimpse into music
from St Petersburg, to mark this year's Tercentenary celebrations,
and was held in association with the St Petersburg authority
itself. The first two concerts (13 and 14 December) were
held at the Grovesnor Chapel, Mayfair, attracting a large
audience to hear both Liturgical and chamber music (including
18th and 19th century choral works and the UK première
of Uspensky's The Divine Liturgy), and many vocal and
instrumental premières, including George Firtich's Piano
Sonata No 8 and cycle Spring Songs, performed by leading
British and Russian artists.
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I attended
the festival's thrilling final concert at the Conway Hall,
Holborn, on 15 December, given by the young Russian Chamber
Orchestra of London, a group formed in 1998, specialising
in Russian music whose recent appearances included a première
by Galina Ustvolskaya and Mukhmedov's Russian ballet at
the Colliseum. Here they were conducted stylishly by Alexander
Walker in a stimulating programme that featured premières
by Vladimir Uspensky (born 1937), Andrei Petrov (born
1930) and Yuri Falik (born 1936), leading St Petersburg
composers of the senior generation, framed by two Russian
'classics', Prokofiev and Tchaikovsky. |
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A more abstract, even experimental eclecticism coloured
the Music for String Quartet and percussion by Vladimir
Uspensky, a five-movement work that, according to the
composer (in interview) marked a decisive turning point
in his development. It epitomised a trend towards a
balance of formalist leanings and neo classical allusion
to Russian tradition, symbolised by the use of fugue,
or symmetry, and contrast, of ironic waltz, improvisation
and finally, Russian church music.
The work was much admired by Dmitry Shostakovich, with
whom Uspensky studied in the early 60s, and following
its première in 1968 by the Leningrad SO String Quartet
he arranged it for string orchestra.
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The 'Prelude' features a confrontation between brittle
rhythmic gestures in timpani and side drum, and icy,
alternating string chords, the dialogue impregnated
by silence, and, towards its end, interrupted by the
metallic glissando of the inside of a piano, here played
by the composer. The rhythmic ideas coalesce into short
motivic fragments in the ensuing 'Fughetta', in which
the xylophone doubles the terse subject within the string
polyphony. Yet the fugue functions semiotically as an
allusion to the past, cast aside by the piano's resonant
clash, which then introduces the Intermezzo.
This is a wistful waltz, its airy textures balanced
between innocent charm and irony, that gives way to
a central impassioned outpouring that almost reaches,
but pulls back from its mood of profound yearning, still
in search of an 'authentic' idiom. The bristling 'Toccata'
that follows combines xylophone with strings in a colourful
sequence that explodes, as in a motorway pile-up, in
an improvisatory cataclysm, a highpoint of anxious,
brutal passion. Here one sensed a move from detachment
to engagement, and the allusion to Russian church music
in the smooth and sweet string harmonies of the final
'Postlude' gained an expressive conviction reminiscent
of Schnittke's polystylism.
The 'Postlude' also seemed the expressive climax, in
the arresting 'cadenza' for piano -- high and low extremes,
note and chords, resonantly dissonant, which set off
the strings' allusion to Russian church music (Uspensky
has composed much Liturgical Music, having been a chorister
in his early childhood) all the more. The work concludes,
palindromically, with the initial drum, strings dichotomy
of the very opening.
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The Russian Chamber Orchestra of London's vibrant sonority
was displayed to great effect again in the third UK
première, that of the Fanfare and Requiem by Yuri Falik,
a composer with a distinctive, often ravishing approach
to new tonality. Particularly fascinating was the way
in which hints of biting dissonance inflected the long
breathed lyricism so reminiscent of Barber and Copland,
with a Russian sense of nostalgia, one that well conveyed
the intense emotion suggested by the title.
Especially effective was the idiomatic use of the medium,
for instance the rhetorical power of allowing simple
ostinato figures to continue beyond the stretches of
melody they accompany, a device Tchaikowsky also uses
eloquently in his Serenade, that concluded the programme.
In this popular masterpiece the Russian Chamber Orchestra
of London came fully into their own, with Alexander
Walker welding the ensemble with tremendous energy and
immediacy.
A former student of Ilya Musin in St Petersburg, Walker's
has a strong affinity for the Russian style, which came
across in the intensity and warmth of this fully engaging
performance. The orchestra responded with rich sonorities,
especially Tchaikovsky's many chordal themes, and after
the balance of sumptuous melodic writing and delicacy
in the Waltz, the touching Elegie was imbued with just
the right amount of nostalgia, the finale bristling
with zest. It formed a stirring conclusion to this rewarding
and enlightening programme, an initiative for which
much credit is due to the St Petersburg Revelations
festival organisers. It whetted the appetite for more
exposure to Russian music and performances by the promising
RCO.
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